Last data update: May 20, 2024. (Total: 46824 publications since 2009)
Records 1-6 (of 6 Records) |
Query Trace: Streicher RP[original query] |
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Evaluation of propylene glycol methyl ether as a potential challenge agent for leak detection of liquid and headspace from closed system drug transfer devices using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Westbrook EG , Doepke A , Streicher RP . Anal Methods 2022 14 (43) 4393-4407 Choosing an appropriate surrogate of hazardous drugs for use in testing Closed System Drug-Transfer Devices (CSTDs) is a challenging endeavor with many factors that must be considered. It was suggested that the compound propylene glycol methyl ether (PGME) may meet many of the criteria we considered important in a suitable surrogate. Criteria included sufficient volatility to evaporate from aqueous liquid leaks efficiently, a Henry's constant which produced sufficient vapor phase concentrations to make headspace leaks detectable, and suitability for detection using a low-cost detection system. We evaluated the measurement of vapors from solutions containing PGME released inside a closed chamber. We present data used to quantify limits of detection, limits of quantification, bias, precision, and accuracy of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements of vapors from 2.5 M PGME solutions. The effects of ethanol as a component of the PGME solution were also evaluated. Liquid drops of PGME solutions and headspace vapors above PGME solutions were released to simulate leaks from CSTDs. Using a calibration apparatus, an instrumental limit of detection (LOD) of 0.25 ppmv and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.8 ppmv were determined for PGME vapor. A LOD of 1.1 μL and a LOQ of 3.5 μL were determined for liquid aliquots of 2.5 M PGME solution released in a closed chamber. Accurate quantitation of liquid leaks required complete evaporation of droplets. With the upper end of the useable quantitation range limited by slow evaporation of relatively large droplets and the lower end defined by the method LOQ, the method evaluated in this research had a narrow quantitative range for liquid droplets. Displacement of 45 mL of vial headspace containing PGME vapor is the largest amount expected when using the draft NIOSH testing protocol. Release of an unfiltered 45 mL headspace aliquot within the NIOSH chamber was calculated to produce a concentration of 0.8 ppmv based on the Henry's constant, which is right at the instrumental LOQ. Therefore, the sensitivity of the method was not adequate to determine leaks of PGME vapor from a headspace release through an air filtering CSTD when using the draft NIOSH testing protocols with an FTIR analyzer. |
Method development for onsite monitoring of volatile organic compounds via portable TDGC-MS: evaluation of the analytical performances of HAPSITE ER instrumentation and thermal desorption sampling media
Smith ME , Westbrook E , Stastny AL , Streicher RP , Elliott MG . Int J Environ Anal Chem 2022 1-18 Determining worker exposure to hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in air at levels exceeding the Permissible Exposure Limits and Recommended Exposure Limits established by the U.S. federal agencies of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), respectively, will continue to be an important part of environmental and occupational health risk assessments. The purpose of this work was to develop a reliable analytical method for rapid and on-site assessments of occupational VOC exposures using field-capable thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) instrumentation (i.e. the HAPSITE ER). The experiments involved in this study included determining TD-GC-MS parameters suitable for efficient analyte separation and quantitation on the HAPSITE ER, determinations of analyte mass loadings that cause mass spectrometer detector saturations, generation of calibration curves, estimations of the limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs), as well as desorption efficiency and relative response factor repeatability. The LODs using Carbopack B and Tenax TA sampling media were estimated and ranged from 0.21.9 ng and 0.0450.3 ng, respectively. The LOQs using Carbopack B and Tenax TA sampling media were estimated and ranged from 1.06.3 ng and 0.21.1 ng, respectively. We have developed a reliable analytical method for chloroform, benzene, trichloroethylene, and heptane using field-portable HAPSITE ER instrumentation and Tenax TA sorbent media. Reliable and accurate methods were developed for chloroform and trichloroethylene using Carbopack B sorbent media, however, this particular sorbent hadlow desorption efficiency and insufficient repeatability in relative response factors for many analytes. Our current and ongoing work in determining the uptake rates for analytes on Tenax TA sorbent media will make the methods described herein applicable for on-site occupational VOC exposure assessments of chloroform, benzene, trichloroethylene, and heptane using either passive or active air sampling techniques. This work was authored as part of the Contributors official duties as an Employee of the United States Government and is therefore a work of the United States Government. In accordance with 17 USC 105, no copyright protection is available for such works under US Law. |
A field-portable colorimetric method for the measurement of peracetic acid vapors: A comparison of glass and plastic impingers
Stastny AL , Doepke A , Streicher RP . J Occup Environ Hyg 2022 19 (8) 1-13 A method for measuring peracetic acid vapors in air using impinger sampling and field-portable colorimetric analysis is presented. The capture efficiency of aqueous media in glass and plastic impingers was evaluated when used for peracetic acid vapor sampling. Measurement of peracetic acid was done using an N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine colorimetric method with a field portable spectrometer. The linearity of the N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine method was determined for peracetic acid both in-solution and captured from vapor phase using glass or plastic impingers. The Limits of Detection for the glass and plastic impingers were 0.24 mg/m(3) and 0.28 mg/m(3), respectively, for a 15 L air sample. The Limits of Quantitation were 0.79 mg/m(3) and 0.92 mg/m(3) for the glass and plastic impingers, respectively. Both metrics were below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Threshold Limit Value Short-Term Exposure Limit of 1.24 mg/m(3) (0.4 ppmv) during a 15-minute period. This impinger sampling method presented herein allows for an easy to use and rapid in-field measurement that can be used for evaluating occupational exposure to peracetic acid. |
Source apportionment and quantification of liquid and headspace leaks from closed system drug-transfer devices via Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS)
Doepke A , Streicher RP . PLoS One 2021 16 (11) e0258425 A system to differentiate and quantify liquid and headspace vapor leaks from closed system drug-transfer devices (CSTDs) is presented. CSTDs are designed to reduce or eliminate hazardous drug (HD) exposure risk when compounding and administering HDs. CSTDs may leak liquid, headspace, or a mixture of the two. The amount of HD contained in liquid and headspace leaks may be substantially different. Use of a test solution containing two VOCs with differences in ratios of VOC concentrations in the headspace and liquid enables source apportionment of leaked material. SIFT-MS was used to detect VOCs from liquid and headspace leaks in the vapor phase. Included in this report is a novel method to determine the origin and magnitude of leaks from CSTDs. A limit of leak detection of 24 μL of headspace vapor and 0.14 μL of test liquid were found using Selected Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS). |
Controlled generation of peracetic acid atmospheres for the evaluation of chemical samplers
Doepke A , Stastny AL , Streicher RP . Anal Methods 2021 13 (34) 3799-3805 A system for controlled generation of peracetic acid (PAA) atmospheres used to test and evaluate sampling and measurement devices was developed and characterized. Stable atmospheric conditions were maintained in a dynamic flow system for hours while multiple sensors were simultaneously exposed to equivalent atmospheres of PAA vapors. Atmospheres characterized by a range of PAA concentrations at a controlled flow rate, temperature, and humidity were generated. Presented herein is a system for vaporization of PAA solutions to generate controlled atmospheres with less than 3% relative standard deviation (RSD) of the PAA concentrations over time. |
Communities near toluene diisocyanate sources: an investigation of exposure and health
Wilder LC , Langley RL , Middleton DC , Ernst K , Lummus ZL , Streicher RP , Campbell DS , Wattigney WA , Bernstein JA , Bernstein DI , Dearwent SM . J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2011 21 (6) 587-94 Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is a well-known cause of occupational asthma, but we know little about the potential for exposure and health effects among residents who live near facilities that release TDI. In the mid-1990's, the North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry investigated exposures to TDI and health outcomes in one community, which left some unanswered questions. This cross-sectional study evaluated the potential associations between living near a TDI source and the prevalence of three variables: asthma or asthma-like respiratory symptoms, antibodies specific to TDI, and verifiable levels of TDI in residential air. Results among North Carolina residents living near such facilities (five target communities) were compared with the results from residents living further away (five comparison communities). Overall, the prevalence of reporting either asthma or asthma-like respiratory symptoms was higher (odds ratio=1.60; 95% confidence interval=0.97-2.54) among residents in target communities than those in comparison communities. However, this difference was not statistically significant. Symptom prevalence varied greatly among the community populations. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms was higher near facilities with historically higher TDI emissions. Among the 351 participants who provided blood samples, only one had immunoglobulin G specific antibodies to TDI. This participant lived in a target area and may have had non-occupational exposure. TDI was detected at an extremely low level (1 ppt) in one of the 45 air samples from target communities. One ppt is one-tenth the EPA reference concentration. Overall, air sample and antibody test results are not consistent with recent or ongoing exposure to TDI. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, 23 February 2011; doi:10.1038/jes.2011.5. |
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